In recent years, Australia has faced increasing challenges regarding air and water pollution from industrial sources, including coal-fired power plants. With growing awareness about the environmental impact of mercury emissions, the government and advocacy groups are taking action. They have highlighted the need for more stringent regulations to protect public health and ecosystems.
In this article, we explore the rise in mercury pollution at power plants and the response from authorities. We also examine the potential pathways for reducing these harmful emissions.
Australia’s Coal Dependence and Mercury Emissions
Australia’s reliance on coal-fired power plants for electricity generation has been a significant contributor to air pollution. According to the Clean Energy Regulator, around 60% of Australia’s electricity is still generated from coal. Mercury, a highly toxic heavy metal, is one of the by-products emitted during coal combustion. Exposure to mercury can lead to serious health issues, such as neurological and developmental disorders. These risks are especially high for young children and pregnant women.
A recent report by Herbert Smith Freehills indicated a worrying increase in mercury emissions at several coal-fired power plants, with one major plant experiencing a 130% rise in a 12-month period. These findings have intensified calls for stricter emission controls and better enforcement of existing regulations.
The Case of Eraring Power Plant
One of the most significant examples of rising mercury pollution has been observed at the Eraring Power Plant, located in New South Wales. As Australia’s largest coal-fired power plant, Eraring has been a focal point of environmental concerns. The facility’s mercury emissions increased by 130% in 2024 compared to 2023, alarming local communities and environmental groups. This pollution surge has been linked to operational changes made to maintain output before the plant’s 2025 closure.
The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) faces pressure to enforce stricter limits on mercury emissions from power plants. They are also urged to require advanced pollution control technologies, like activated carbon injection and flue gas desulphurisation. These measures could significantly reduce mercury release into the atmosphere.
Response from Authorities and Industry
In response to concerns, the New South Wales government has committed to reviewing air quality regulations to meet international standards. The state’s EPA has also begun investigating the mercury pollution increase, with possible fines and sanctions for non-compliance.
Energy companies argue that transitioning away from coal is already costly and additional compliance costs may hinder clean energy investment. However, environmental advocates insist that protecting public health must take precedence over industry concerns.
Nick Halaris, Managing Director and energy expert, commented: “The rise in mercury pollution is a wake-up call for all stakeholders. We must balance the energy transition with strong environmental protections, ensuring that our move towards renewables does not come at the expense of public health.”
The Role of Energy Transition in Reducing Mercury Emissions
Australia’s shift towards renewable energy sources is expected to play a crucial role in reducing mercury emissions in the long term. The federal government has set ambitious targets to achieve 82% renewable energy generation by 2030, with substantial investments in solar, wind, and battery storage. This transition will gradually phase out coal-fired power plants, thus curbing mercury pollution at its source.
However, as coal plants remain operational during this transition period, implementing immediate solutions to mitigate mercury emissions is essential. Technology upgrades, such as scrubbers and filters that capture mercury before it is released, can provide significant benefits.
Incentives and Regulatory Measures for Clean Energy
To accelerate the reduction of mercury pollution, policymakers can consider several approaches:
- Stricter Emission Standards: Tightening emission limits for coal-fired power plants can incentivise operators to adopt cleaner technologies.
- Subsidies for Pollution Control Technology: Offering financial support for installing advanced emission-reducing technologies can help offset costs for energy companies.
- Penalties for Non-Compliance: Introducing heavier fines for plants that fail to meet emission standards would encourage adherence to regulations.
According to a 2024 report by the Clean Energy Council, renewable energy adoption is expected to drive down harmful emissions across the board, not just for mercury but also for other pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. You can read more about this in their 2024 State of the Energy Market report.
Health Implications of Mercury Exposure
Mercury exposure poses a significant risk to public health. The metal can accumulate in the food chain, particularly in fish, leading to higher exposure for communities that rely on seafood. Mercury can damage the nervous system and has been linked to cognitive impairments in children exposed during development.
A 2024 study published in the Australian Journal of Environmental Health found that communities living near coal power plants had 20% higher blood mercury levels than the national average, highlighting the urgency of addressing emissions from industrial sources. Read the study here.
What’s Next for Australia’s Energy Market?
Australia is at a crucial juncture in its energy journey. The need to balance economic, environmental, and health concerns is more pressing than ever. As the country works towards achieving its renewable energy targets, managing emissions from existing power plants remains a critical task.
Looking ahead, advancements in battery storage and grid infrastructure will be vital in ensuring that renewable energy sources can fully meet the country’s electricity demand. Policymakers must also consider the role of emerging technologies, such as green hydrogen, in shaping a sustainable and clean energy future.
Addressing the Challenges of Mercury Pollution
As Australia transitions away from coal, tackling mercury pollution will remain a significant challenge for policymakers, industry players, and the public. The case of the Eraring Power Plant underscores the importance of stringent regulations and proactive measures to reduce environmental harm. By prioritising cleaner energy sources and implementing immediate pollution controls, the country can protect its ecosystems and the health of its citizens.
The time for action is now. If you are concerned about your business’s environmental footprint or energy costs, speak to an energy broker today. Upload your latest energy bill for a free consultation to explore more sustainable options.
Sources:
- Herbert Smith Freehills
- Clean Energy Regulator (2024). “State of the Energy Market.” cleanenergycouncil.org.au
- Australian Journal of Environmental Health (2024). “Mercury Exposure and Health Risks.” energy.gov.au
- https://cleanenergycouncil.org.au/news-resources/clean-energy-australia-report
- https://cleanenergycouncil.org.au/news-resources/clean-energy-australia-2024-report
- https://cleanenergycouncil.org.au/news-resources/new-guarantee-of-origin-scheme-paves-the-way-for-australia-s-emerging-net-zero-industries
